Prior to 1959, faulty equipment was the probable c Essays

CRM Prior to 1959, faulty equipment was the probable cause for many airplane accidents, but with the advent of jet engines, faulty equipment became less of a threat, while human factors gained prominence in accident investigations (Kanki, Helmreich Anca, 2010). From 1959 to 1989, pilot error was the cause of 70% of accident resulting in the loss of hull worldwide (Kanki, Helmreich Anca, 2010). Due to these alarming statistics, in 1979 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) implemented a workshop called "Resource Management on the Flightdeck" that led to what is now known as Crew Resource Management (CRM) or also known as Cockpit Resource Management (Rodrigues Cusick, 2012). CRM is a concept that has been attributed to reducing human factors as a probable cause in aviation accidents. The concepts of CRM weren't widely accepted by the aviation industry, but through its history, concepts, and eventual implementation, Crew Resource Management has become an invaluable resource for pilots as well as other unrelated industries around the world. Over the course of the thirty years spanning from 1959 to 1979 there were many incidents that led to a need for a system to reduce human factors in major accidents, but in the seventies, there were some significant accidents that highlighted a need for action. A very notable crash was the Eastern Airlines Flight 401 on December 29, 1972. The flight was making their approach in Miami when the landing gear light would not illuminate. All members of the flight crew attempted to troubleshoot the problem with the autopilot on. Air Traffic Control (ATC) instructed the pilot to divert away from the airport at 2000 feet while they figured out the issue. The autopilot function.

Literary Analysis Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Essays

Literary Analysis Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Essays Literary Analysis Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Paper Literary Analysis Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Paper Essay Topic: Fahrenheit 451 Set in twenty-fourth century America, Montag, the protagonist of Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, is on a quest to find meaning in his life. The story starts with him almost immediately showing signs of declined faith in his work as a â€Å"fireman,† as well as in society in general. A young woman, named Clarisse, which he meets on the street one day, inspires him. Clarisse may be a metaphor for â€Å"the good still left in the world. She has a very different view of the world and contributes her knowledge to books. Montag is married to a shell of human, Mildred. She betrays Montag by selling him out to the â€Å"firemen,† resulting in him having to burn his house down because of the books he had been harboring. If Montag’s wife had been more like Clarisse, maybe things would have gone differently. The â€Å"firemen’s† duty is to destroy knowledge and promote ignorance. Ignorance leads to everyone having a fear of books, and even causing them to act hostile towards them. In the world of Fahrenheit 451, people want to be considered equal, so books are banned so that â€Å"minorities† do not feel offended. People will not feel inferior to those that have read more, or know more than they know. People in the world of Fahrenheit 451 are so ignorant to what is going on that they do not even know themselves. They have been brainwashed by advertisements and television programs that invade every waking moment of their life. Montag’s wife does not even know that she tried to commit suicide at the beginning of the book. I think that Montag must feel that he is in some bad dream in which he cannot awake. In this dystopian novel, there is no realness to life, no meaning. The Merriam-Webster dictionary describes dystopia as â€Å"an imaginary place where people lead dehumanized and often fearful lives† (Dystopian). When he reads â€Å"Dover Beach† by Matthew Arnold, aloud to his wife and her friends’, one of them gets so emotional she starts crying an

On Behalf Of vs. In Behalf Of

On Behalf Of vs. In Behalf Of On Behalf Of vs. In Behalf Of On Behalf Of vs. In Behalf Of By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Is there a difference in the use of these two prepositional phrases? I get mixed up a lot of times. I’d appreciate your clarifying this in one of your posts. â€Å"On behalf of† means, â€Å"as representing,† and â€Å"in behalf of† means â€Å"for the advantage of.† People or agencies who act as representatives of others, act â€Å"on behalf of†: The ACLU brought suit against the city on behalf of three residents.    People whose intention is merely to be helpful act â€Å"in behalf of†: The residents along the border collected food in behalf of the migrants. Merriam-Webster does not draw a distinction between the phrases, but includes both in its entry for behalf: â€Å"in behalf of or on behalf of preposition: in the interest of,  as the representative of,  for the benefit of. Ex. â€Å"This letter is written in behalf of my client.† The OED, on the other hand, deplores such a merger of meaning: In recent use we often find on behalf in the sense of in behalf, to the loss of an important distinction. According to the OED, on behalf of means, â€Å"on the part of (another),† with the notion of official agency; in behalf of means, â€Å"in the interest of, as a friend or defender of, for the benefit of.† The connotation is the notion of interposition. The Chicago Manual of Style supports the distinction for American speakers in its â€Å"Good Usage versus common usage† section: In behalf of means â€Å"in the interest or for the benefit of.† Ex. â€Å"The decision is in behalf of the patient.† On behalf of means â€Å"acting as agent or representative of.† Ex. â€Å"On behalf of Mr. Scott, I would like to express heartfelt thanks.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs Enquire20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word FormsWhile vs. Whilst

Position review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Position review - Essay Example from advocating fully for their children`s rights, thus there is need to educate them.3)a)in paragraph three, inability of the parents of children with disabilities to understand terminologies has been brought out clearly. Teachers, therapists, health professionals, and even child advocates who provide services to these children often use terminologies and specialized language and forget that the parents cannot understand them including the most astute. b) In paragraph three, the writer states that even the most astute parents cannot understand the acronyms used by the professionals. Therefore the parents fail to understand them due to lack of knowledge and they feel embarrassed about that (Wilmshurst and Alan 241). c) In paragraph five, the writer makes appeals that include the use of simple language that the parents can easily understand and also parents accessing websites that can assist in understanding the various acronyms used in special education.4) the passage is more persuas ive in paragraph five, where the writer comes up with ways in which the problem could be solved where special educators can be made aware of the problem and then they communicate with the parents in manner that they are likely to understand. Parents are also encouraged to access websites that can assist them in understanding the various terminologies used (Wilmshurst and Alan 208).5) The writer has created an active voice. The use of active voice is appropriate as it tries to enlighten the problems the parents of children with disabilities face and what can be done to assist them by the special educators.by use of active voice the writer creates adequate ethos.6) The writer makes use of pathos by highlighting the problems the parents of children with disabilities go through while trying to understand special educators, who use acronyms that can hardly be understood by the parents.7)There is need for parents of children with disabilities to learn special education as it is unique and has

Equine Rhinopneumonitis (EHV-1) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Equine Rhinopneumonitis (EHV-1) - Essay Example Respiratory symptoms are the most common manifestation in young horses but the outbreaks reported in many areas are usually due to the neurologic form. Frequent outbreaks of the respiratory form occur in young foals in areas where concentrated populations exist. The disease is highly contagious and spreads by the aerosol route through the inhalation of virus laden respiratory secretions. Horses under three years of age are particularly susceptible and the virus quickly spreads and multiplies in the respiratory epithelium. 2-8days post exposure, symptoms of depression; inappetance, nasal discharge and fever are manifested (www.oie.int). Laboratory examination reveals neutropenia and lymphopenia with serous nasal discharge, pharyngitis, malaise, cough and inflammation of lymph nodes. Foals suffering from EHV1 show diphasic fever patterns (merckvetmanual.com). If complications of secondary bacterial infection don’t occur, the disease is usually followed by complete recovery after 1-2 weeks but causes substantial distress to animals which affect their training and racing schedules. Abortions occur in infected pregnant mares 2-12 weeks after initial exposure to the virus. This usually happens between the 7-11th month of gestation (merckvetmanual.com). Aborted fetuses appear fresh with minimal autolysis unlike abortions with EVA (Equine Viral Arteritis). There is no damage to the reproductive tract of the mares and they usually recoup to attain normal conception ability after recovery. Outbreaks with neurological symptoms result in symptoms which may range from mild incoordination to posterior paralysis with the animals assuming recumbent positions. There is a loss of bladder control and tail function. Paralysis in its severest form can result in quadriplegia with eventual death. It is difficult to make distinction from clinical symptoms between EHV1, Equine Influenza and EVA. Virus isolation from nasopharyngeal swabs,

Four Factors of Organizational Success Essay Example for Free

Four Factors of Organizational Success Essay There are numerous ways to achieve organization success. Ask any two business guru their opinions and you will undoubtedly get two unique lists. Successful entrepreneurs covet their secrets of success and business school faculty lecture what the latest texts have written. Defining a check list of do’s and don’ts may seem like a rather easy task, but the implementation of those ideas is what will truly lead to organizational success. But what is organization success? That question can have many answers depending on the business. A University might define it as job placement of graduating students, but a middle school may be successful if its American history program is nationally recognized. A publicly traded company (and its stock holders) could define it as profits over the last quarter, whereas a small technology start-up could consider the issue of a patent on their newest widget a success. It’s my assessment that of all the factors pertaining to organizational success, those that revolve around the people within the organization and adaptation within the organization are the largest factors of success. I believe when a commitment to improvement, a continuous workforce development plan, and an implementation of a shared vision are harmoniously integrated by a resilient leader, it will place a company on a path to organizational success. Commitment to Continuous Quality (Process Improvement) There are no perfect scenarios where a company continues to profit and does nothing to improve. Updating a process is a continuous method that involves employees at all levels while focusing on the needs of the customer (John, 1992). Successful organizations are able to identify potential areas for increasing the value of processes or products. Not all products need to undergo substantial change in order to qualify as a process improvement. A change in the perceived value of the product is all that is needed. For example, a recent advertisement from McDonald’s is touting their Egg McMuffin sandwich as a luxury and higher class item. Taking from old consumer adage â€Å"It’s the Cadillac of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , McDonalds has substituted â€Å"McMuffin† for Cadillac. There have been no changes to the recipe of the sandwich, but they have changed the perception of the item by comparing it to a separate premium item and in turn increasing a perceived value (Biasi, 2012). Whether a company modifies a current product, updates a process or simply re-brands, constant improvement is a key factor in the success of an organization. Shared vision In order for a company to achieve a goal, its employees must be on board with the missions of the organization. That is, employees must be aligned with the mission, values and goals of the organization in order to foster growth and achieve long term success (The secrets of organizational success, 1995). In order for an organization to implement any changes, those within (at all levels) must share in the vision of the organization (Kanter, 1988). Every company should have a vision. Without a vision there are no goals to achieve and the company has no definition of success in the future. A successful vision provides a company with a few goals to which they can devote their resources to while inspiring its workforce to achieve those goals (Clancy, n.d.). The importance (as stated by Clancy) lies with inspiring employees. A vision alone needs support. Simply wanting something done, without dedicating recourses to it, is futile. Creating a shared vision, one in which employees have a stake, is significant in the organizations long term success. Providing a personal connection to the product (or process) drastically changes the way employees approach their work and makes a substantial impact on their work quality (Hill Tande, 2003). People have to want to work, not because they are told to (Senge, 1990). The creation of a shared vision adds value to the work of an employee. A paycheck cannot be the only motivation. The employee must want to take stake in the operation of the company and understand their work is critical to the mission of the company. Continuous Learning / Workforce Development Former CEO of Intel Andrew Grove once said, â€Å"Success breeds complacency. Complacency breeds failure† (1996). It is important for a company to provide its staff with the opportunities to develop and provide new insights into company processes. While in his tenure at Intel, Grove urged executive to allow staff to experiment with new techniques and processes while concurrently performing the production of existing products (Grove, 1996). Acknowledging the importance of creative freedom and invention allows for an improved process to be implemented without a significant reduction in production levels (Sheridan, 2004). Learning enhances people’s abilities; it drives creation, workplace competencies and motivates others to do the same (Loon, Lim, Teck, Lai, 2012). A company can develop their staff internally while creating new ideas, updating procedures and processes. Constant improvements do not come automatically. Instituting a program that promotes continuous learning and workforce development can eliminate down time between successes and will create a substantial competitive advantage. Strategic decision maker As an organization undergoes change, its leaders also need to have the willingness to do so. Strategic decision makers are flexible yet concise; they must make crucial decisions regarding growth, divestment, new products and cost cutting (Grant, 2008). As a company attempts to succeed in the marketplace, its leader must effectively navigate a myriad of executive decisions that affect the livelihood of the company. While any company can claim they want to improve, the implementation of that vision is the key. R.M. Kanter (1988) discusses that the best of those leaders are called â€Å"Change Masters†; leaders who are able to create a shared vision, encourage innovation, and support internal education. She continues that change isn’t always necessary, but a strategic decision maker will identify times where change is eminent and make adjustment rapidly. Take for example Lee Iacocca and Chrysler. Before his hire, the company was on the edge of complete failure. Something desperately needed to change. With the hire of Lee Iacocca came a decision to layoff those employees not willing to accept changes he believed would right the company. Those who stayed for a maximum $14 per hour salary, redesigned the brand and help the company earn over $2.5 billion within three years of his hire. (Roberts, n.d.). I am not suggesting a change in company culture is necessary, but a leader must be able to identify the need for change, have the ability to implement such change, and the gumption to do so. Finding a leader with the before mentioned qualifications will aid in corporate success. Four factors working together There are many other factors which could lead to (or prevent) organizational success. It’s my belief that the four points briefly discussed are deeply intertwined and provide an ever changing path towards success. The proper mix of these four items creates an environment that fosters company development. Just a few examples of the cohesion of these four factors have been noted in other publications: * Great leaders must be passionate about their visions and responsible for advancing workforce development (Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly Konopaske, 2006; Loon, et al., 2012). * Continuous learning among all levels leads to future process improvements (Zairi, Whymark. 2000). * Leaders must also have the mindset required for visionary leadership; otherwise they are managers and not leaders (Transforming leadership for success and sustainability, 2011). * Continuous process improvements that are derived from a shared vision are more readily adapted by employees (Guti, Llorà ©ns-Mon tes, Óscar. 2009). The items above are not meant to be all inclusive. There are numerous other factors that one could argue have equal impact on success. While I do not discredit those other factors, it’s my determination that the four mentioned are factors that are able to be controlled within the organization. Other factors such as environmental conditions, consumer behaviors, and external costs, remain out of the control of the business leader. Focusing on supplying staff with the necessary leadership to achieve the company vision will lead to success. As the newest management fads pass and business trends change, one thing will remain constant: the success of organization will rely on heavily people who are a part of the organization. References Biasi, A. (2012) Increasing Perceived Value (of your product or service). Smart Marketing Solutions. http://www.smartmarketingllc.com/2012/01/14/increasing-perceived-value-of-your-product-or-service/ Clancey, K.J. (n.d.). Shocking truth of the month. Most companies are operating without a vision. Retrieved from http://www.thekevinclancy.com/truths_102009_g.html Gibson, J.L., Ivancevich, J.M., Donnelly, J.H. Jr., Konopaske, R. (2008). Organizations. Behavior, structure, processes. McGraw-Hill Irwin. New York, NY. Grove, A. (1996). Only the paranoid survive. Double Day Publishing. New York, NY. Guti, L. J., F.J. Llorà ©ns-Montes, Óscar, F. B. S. (2009). Six sigma: From a goal-theoretic perspective to shared-vision development. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 29(2), 151-169. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570910932039 Hill, B., Tande, C. (2003). Personal impact maps: Chart the course to a shared vision. Workspan, 46(10), 38-42. Retrieved from ABI/Inform database. John, S. W. F.,Jr. (1992). Managing process improvement at the cherry point naval aviation depot. National Productivity Review (1986-1998), 11(4), 533-533. Retrieved from ABI/Inform database Kanter, R. M. (1988). Change masters vs. change stiflers. Executive Excellence, 5(3), 12-13. Retrieved from ABI/ Inform database Loon, M., Yet, M. L., Teck, H. L., Cai, L. T. (2012). Transformational leadership and job-related learning. Management Research Review, 35(3), 192-205. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409171211210118 Senge, P. M. (1990). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. New York: Doubleday/Currency. Sheridan, J.H. (2004). 1997 Technology Leader of the Year, Andy Grove: Building An Information Age Legacy. Industry Week. Retrieved from http://www.industryweek.com/companies-amp-executives/1997-technology-leader-yearandy-grove-building-information-age-legacy Sudhir, K. C., Pullig, C., F, D. A. (1997). Critical success factors from an organizational life cycle perspective: Perceptions of small business owners from different business environments. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 47-0_7. Retrieved from ABI/Inform database. The secrets of organizational success: Aligning employees behind new corporate goals and objectives. (1995) Training Development, 49(8), 28-28. Retrieved from ABI/Inform Database. Transforming leadership for success and sustainability. (2011). Strategic Direction, 27(3), 19-21. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02580541111109598 Zairi, M., Whymark, J. (2000). The transfer of best practices: How to build a culture of benchmarking and continuous learning part 2. Benchmarking, 7(2), 146-167. Retrieved from ABI/Inform database.

Egyptian Bedouins :: essays research papers fc

The Life of the Egyptian Bedouins   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Bedouin people of Egypt can easily be described as a people with no place to call a home. Studying the Bedouins show that they have a deep and unique culture. They do not get involved in politics, and they live a humble and modest life. The Bedouin Nomads of Egypt are predominantly Muslim. Therefore, their beliefs, practices and rituals will be the same as that of a common Muslim. I will discuss the doings of Muslims but more importantly, I will concentrate on the beliefs and other aspects that make the Bedouin people unique and different from other Muslims.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Islam, there is something known as the five pillars. These five pillars detail how to carry on your religious duty. The five pillars of Islam start off with the belief in the oneness of God and Muhammad as his prophet, as well as belief in all other prophets before Muhammad. The next pillar is prayer. Prayer must be carried out five times a day. The first prayer called Fagr (streak of light) must take place between when the first light of the day is seen until 10:00 am. The second prayer called al-duhr (noon prayer) should be done between noon and the next prayer which is the asr (afternoon) prayer. The fourth prayer of the day is the Maghrib (sundown) prayer. The last prayer is called the Isha (night) prayer. If any prayer is missed at any time of the day for any reason, it can be made up at a later time. The next pillar of Islam is al-sowm (the fast). Muslims must fast during the Islamic month of Ramadan. Muslims engage in this practice in order to gain endur ance and compassion for the poor. The fourth pillar of Islam is zakah (charity), every Muslim is asked to give a fraction of their money to the poor. This fraction is usually a percentage of their wealth. The final pillar is the Hajj (journey to Mecca), a mature Muslim must visit Mecca in Saudi Arabia at least once in their life. A Muslim that visits Mecca seven times in their lifetime can visit the Dome of the Rock is Jerusalem. The Dome of the Rock is the second most holy place in the world for Muslims. Most reputable literature written on the Bedouins were written by anthropologists that have spent time and traveled with them.

Accountability and Transparency in Public Procurement

Accountability and transparency in public procurement Police chief Hemant Karkare died with bullet proof jacket at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus on 26/11/2008 at 22:45 PM while attacking pakistani terrorists. Bullet Proof jacket was such low quality that does not work! From the above example, we can easily understood the Public procurement is how much transparent in our country. Moreover, It was not published in any newspaper that who is/are accountable for that Bullet Proof jacket(s). Nobody was accountable nor anybody got punishment!!! We can make a lot of SWOT analysis upon accountability and transperancy, public procurement vs. ommercial procurement etc. but the question is what’s the thresold limit of compromising. Not only India, most of the countries alongwith international agencies such as UNDP and the World Bank are in the process of harmonizing and perfecting their approaches to the diagnosis of financial accountability. Such as World Bank’s Country Financial A ccountability Assessment (CFAA) (CFAA assess the risk that public funds may be used illegitimately, inefficiently or ineffectively, by comparing the financial management standards and practices of agencies using funds against an international or ‘best practice’ standard. Sustainable Public Procurement is one major way of seeking to achieve the UNDP’s good governance goal of â€Å"realizing development that gives priority to the poor, advances women, sustains the environment and creates needed opportunities for employment and other livelihoods. † The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) is the first legally binding international anti-corruption instrument. As of 12 July 2012, the convention had been ratified, accepted, approved or acceded to by 161 countries as well as the European Union.On Dec 20, 2011 the Europian Commission officially announced its proposal for the new procurement directives. Literature review Literally accountability mea ns the state of being accountable, liable, or answerable i. e. responsible, by both its people and its elected bodies, for its choices and actions. Transparency denotes the free access to governmental political and economic activities and decisions. Procurement is everything associated with an incoming invoice. This holds true for goods, services, and works.In public procurement transparency and accountability have been recognised as key conditions for promoting integrity and preventing corruption, balancing with other good governance imperatives, such as an efficient management of public resources, providing guarantees for fair competition etc. In order to ensure overall value for money, the challenge for decision makers is to define an appropriate degree of transparency and accountability to reduce risks to integrity in public procurement while pursuing other aims of public procurement. Who is accountable?Every person who is in a position of power on trust is accountable for the u se of that power. Within the execution of any system, there is a hierarchical structure by which each level is accountable to the next higher level, from desk clerk to the cabinet. For instance, the clerk who failed to maintain up-to-date records, the Officer who failed to supervise the Clerk, the Head of Department who is answerable to Parliament, but failed to get sufficient trained staff etc. and so on. But it is easy to pin down who is accountable. Public Procurement & Transparency The goal of Public procurement are : ) serving the organisation, b) appropriate use of public funding, c) efficient use of public funding, d) accountability, e) value for money etc. But the real picture of public procurement is horrible ! The most common practice is â€Å"Low Bid† or H1 bidder. But the â€Å"low bid† is equated to a poor quality standard have often soured the public perception of the profession, even though the interpretation of some of these decisions may have been repo rted out of context. Even through e-procurement always there is a gap exists. Secondly supplying Low quality by paying bribe to govt. fficials is a very common practice. Generally Political powerholder to government servants are engaged in circumvention of their own laws. Lot of examples are failure of budget estimates of revenues and expenditures, avoidance of credit limits through an accumulation of unpaid bills, transfer of amounts toward the end of the year to deposit accounts to avoid lapse of funds, manipulation of performance data and associated means. Hence economic growth and policy measures may not be formulated. General public may not always know what the government is doing.While some countries review of the estimates by the audit agency, or through an assessment by credit rating agencies but this practice work against financial accountability. There are vital gaps in most public budgets and accounts. In several cases, they do not provide information on tax expenditures, outstanding guarantees, non-financial assets, and liabilities including contingent ones. Public procurement operations are subject to various controls: local controls, accounting controls, controls made by fiscal authorities, as well as external controls and audits.As public procurement has become more decentralised, a key concern is the lack of co-ordination between various controls, which has led to some loopholes and overlaps in controls over the procurement process. Only a few countries have mechanisms to ensure coordination of control. A related difficulty is to maximise the use of information produced by different controls. Demand for Public Procurement Public procurement created by external demands. As we know that these are transparency, integrity & accountability. Transparency refers to openness and equal opportunities for all interested bidders.Integrity refers to avoiding improper, wasteful or corrupt and fraud practices. Accountability refers to the fact that public pro curement authorities are responsible for effective, legal, and ethical way of procurements. Public procurement is affected by distinct internal demands. This is serving multiple political goals. This complicates public procurement, because sometimes it is not clear to identify the influence of political powers on public procurements. The second internal demand is serving a large amount of stakeholders. These various stakeholders may have different objectives.Ultimately Common public suffers. There are other factors also affects on the procurement process. 1) Demands on the process from legal regulations. 2) Public procurement is restricted from engaging into long-term relationships with their suppliers. 3) Absence of a perfect competition in public procurement may affects by various ways. Benefits of accountability Poverty is the biggest challenge facing the globe in the new millennium. Government is less accountable and responsive to citizens. All the citizens do not get equal acce ss to government services.Conversely, improvements in governance are associated with higher per capita income, higher adult literacy, lower infant mortality and reduced poverty. Fiscal transparency is a necessary condition for sound economic governance. Timely publication of a budget document enables the market to evaluate government’s intentions and allows itself a constructive discipline on the government. Transparency increases the political risk of unsustainable policies. A transparent public financial accounting policy makes it possible to determine what the government has done and to compare budgeted and actual financial operations.Further, open procurement policies not only facilitate the achievement of basic macroeconomic policy objectives, but also increase the productivity of public expenditure. One of the underlying objectives of improved transparency and accountability is to reduce the extent of corruption in the management of governmental affairs. Points to ensur ing accountability and transparency in public procurements are : Accurate records: A pre-condition for accountability and control. Internal control: A management instrument for improvement. External audit: Must for SWOT analysis.Challenging procurement decisions: Complaint and recourse mechanisms with ensuring public scrutiny. Hence the steps to be taken are: a) Strengthening parliamentary control in big infrastructure projects. b) Governments to reduce the high costs and the distortion effect of corruption in public procurement. c) Ensuring transparency at all phases of procurement, from demand creation to contract management and payment, through unrestricted access to all documents for the Monitor and for all activities, which brings both policy and technical expertise to the project. ) Providing adequate incentives and sanctions for both the public authority and bidders i. e. equal opportunity; f) Provide the right environment for detecting corruption and protects against it. Bes ides raising awareness about the structure and the application of the public procurement systems, we should follow the International common methodology for benchmarking and assessing public procurement systems. The Capacities of Supporting Transparency and Accountability by our civil society is the strength of novel and innovative progress. PARTHA MUKHERJEE [email  protected] com (1018 words)

The Rise of Tablet Computers

THE RISE OF TABLET COMPUTERS In today’s digital world, tablet computers are the leading mobile devices for daily usage. Eagerness for buying a tablet is spreading around the world. In subways, in restaurants more and more people are seen with a tablet in the hand. Some of them play games, some navigate through the Internet. Today, most people prefer to buy a tablet computer instead of a notebook or netbook. The question is why people buy tablets? They are not cheap, relative to their notebook and netbook equivalents. They cannot perform all the functions of a typical computer.Is the key of tablet computers’ success efficiency or marketing strategies and competition? I guess both of these are important factors in the success of tablet computers. The main reason why people buy tablet computers is the efficiency factor of tablets. Tablets are easy to use, they are lightweight and they consume small amount of space. They have touchscreens and they open instantly. People jus t take it out and do what they need to. Many people think that a tablet computer is the ultimate all-around mobile device. Tablets can do whatever users want.Entertainment, business and Internet features in the same device are attracting people towards tablets. It is safe to say that in near future, tablets are going to overthrow the dominant handheld gaming consoles such as Nintendo 3DS and Sony PS Vita. Tablets feature a lot of easy and addictive games and network support for them. These little games are usually free or they cost so low, such as 1 dollar. The worldwide phenomenon Angry Birds costs a dollar for the end user and the sales figures show that this game sold over 160 million on all platforms.This example shows that many people love low-cost and addictive games on tablets. Other than games, tablet computer users can be entertained by watching movies on their tablets. Today’s tablets usually offer high resolution displays, so watching movies on a tablet computer is a pleasurable experience for many users. Another important thing is the business purposes of tablets. Many business people buy a tablet for doing business on the go. These business people can check their e-mail, check business related information on the Internet or have a video conference.Users can even write, edit and read text documents on tablets. The last big feature of tablets that it brings the whole Internet to the user. Portable Internet is the biggest need of daily life in today’s world. People do everything on Internet. Watching YouTube videos, updating your status on Facebook and Twitting becomes simple when you have a tablet. Users can navigate through the Internet as they are at home. Proliferation of public wireless networks makes free Internet access possible from nearly everywhere such as cafes, malls and buses.All these things make a tablet computer the most efficient technologic device in the market. Tablets bring functionality and compactness together. Tha t’s one answer to the initial question: â€Å"How it sells a lot? † Every company can make a revolutionary product. The important thing is for this company is the ability of selling it. Today, there is a tablet market thanks to Apple. Apple is a great company with great products and they have a lot of marketing geniuses in their company. One day, Apple made a product called the Apple iPad. It really was revolutionary. It was the first modern tablet computer.Because of it was a new technology, it had missing essential features like multitasking, Adobe Flash support and a camera. Even though these lack of features, iPad became a hit. Who made it a hit? One of the most experienced marketing experts in the sector and an influential CEO, Steve Jobs was the key to the popularity of iPad. His â€Å"reality distortion field† once again proved itself. What did Apple do after the first iPad? They produced a successor, Apple iPad 2. It had a retina display and some other t hings as new features. But there was no sign of a real evolution in iPad 2 except a camera, multitasking and a couple of things.IPad 2 wasn’t real different from its predecessor. IPad 1 was released at March 28, 2010 and iPad 2 was released at March 25, 2011 but even fresh iPad 1 owners buy iPad 2. It eventually had a bigger success than iPad 1. After iPad 2-mania, Apple recently introduced The New iPad, a. k. a. iPad 3 to the market. It offered even better improvements to its predecessor, but some reviewers are still not satisfied by the improvements that have been done. For example, Apple didn’t introduce a 128 GB version, didn’t make a new design and didn’t integrate Siri which was highly anticipated by the end user.Besides just not meeting the expectancies, The New iPad actually degenerated in some way. It was heavier than its predecessor about an ounce. Knowing that it has a lot of new features that consume more power such as Retina display, better c ameras and a faster processor, it is obvious that it needs a bigger battery to keep the battery life same. An ounce is not a big difference but it is significant because it shows that Apple’s Research & Development department is not really focusing on the â€Å"Development† part especially in hardware. Apple engineers are capable of doing better.From this example, it can be understood that marketing strategies helped the tablet market to grow. Other thing which helped the market to grow was competition. Rival companies of Apple started to produce their own tablet computers instantly after witnessing the success of the first iPad. Those tablets exploited missing features of iPads such as third party software support and deeper customization. A lot of companies produced tablets similar to iPad. The main rivals of Apple are RIM, Samsung and ASUS. With all these options, the market grew exponentially and tablets became available for a wide range of users.It is importan t to deliver a new product to a lot of people. Cheaper tablets made this easier. And in total, tablet computer sales got closer to notebook and netbook sales. In conclusion, some key factors like efficiency, marketing strategy and competition helped the tablet market become what it is today. People are tending to buy a tablet in these days because of the easiness of use in daily life and such things. It is not hard to see that also marketing strategies confuse the users and make them buy tablets. In near future, more and more tablets are going to be sold and tablets will dominate the mobile device market.

Rockeffeller essays

Rockeffeller essays John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie were two great pioneers in American history. Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company and Andrew Carnegie founded the steel company. They did many great things in this country to help boost up industrial growth. Without both of their brains America would never have been the way it is now. There are many reasons why Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller were great pioneers of this country. One way they were good pioneers was because in the steel industry, Carnegie made up a system that was known as vertical integration. Carnegie bought his own iron and coalmines because using single companies cost too much money. By him doing that he was able to undersell his competitors. Carnegie and Rockefellers business went from top to bottom. They follow one product through all its stages. Rockefeller controlled the oil when it was drilled, then he maintained the refining process, which he turned into gasoline. Even though these two different methods of controlling their businesses they were still very successful. Andrew and Rockefeller both exercised their genius brains in making ways to defeat their competition. Although they were tough and hardheaded in business, he was not a monopolist. John D. Rockefeller came to take over the whole oil industry. He was a great man because he tried to be the best there can be in controlling something major like the Oil Company and also he showed very little mercy. He helped America by having products that were at very cheap price. Rockefeller believed in ruthless business, Carnegie did later too. After both their companies were successful industries. Even though Carnegie and Rockefeller treated their workers with cruel and harsh manners, they still did the best for them and their lives. They would encourage their workers to have a competition between one another so they can do a better job. By doing that their comp ...

Basket Exercise Essay Example for Free

Basket Exercise Essay Georgina Ryan, HR Director SUBJECT: Speaking engagement next week Ms. Williams, Mr. Armstrong has been transferred to a new location, earlier than expected. My apologies, however, if you would allow me to fill in for Mr. Armstrong, I would be honored to address the Business Club It is common for a large number of calls to come in all at once. When this happens, the customer relations–contact employee is supposed to take the customer’s phone number and get back to him or her within an hour. We’ve found in the past that this is a reasonable target since, after a big rush of calls, things usually settle down for a while. But when we check up on the contact employees, we find that they get back to the customer within an hour only about one-third of the time. Sometimes they don’t get back to the customer until the next day! I sent a memo to all contact employees about a month ago reminding them of the importance of prompt responses on their parts, but it did very little good. We need a training program from your department to improve this critical performance area. Can we get together early next week? MEMO TO: Ralph Herzberg, Manager of Customer Relations From: Georgina Ryan, HR Director. New Training Program Ralph, we will definitely have to address this situation. Let me get with my training program administrator and work out a training session/schedule for your department. I will get back with you on a date and time for next week. Basket Exercise. (2018, Oct 25).

Social Media Affecting Interpersonal And Intercultural Communication Essay

Social Media Affecting Interpersonal And Intercultural Communication - Essay Example The traditional intercultural communication has come under immense threat of getting obsoleted due to the increasing level of human interaction through the use of social media. In the light of globalization, the present day society is becoming more and more dependent on the internet and the social networking system in their daily communication. The major modes of communication are driven by technology and the internet. These may include the social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, the online chatting and VOIP services like Face Time, Skype etc., the online blogs, micro blogs and different online forums. The social media has influenced the people from different cultures and countries to communicate with each other as well as provide information about themselves on the web through the social networking sites, personal websites and blogs (Hofstede, 2001). The cultural communication system has been reshaped to emerge as a more open and widely integrated system all across the globe. Discussion The invention and development of new technologies in the communication and networking aspects have presented a wide array of choices for communication connecting all the parts of the world through the World Wide Web. Internet connection has gained major importance throughput the world with the connection facilities spreading to even remote parts of the world. ... The social media provides people from all over the world with the opportunity to display their information as well as demonstrate their culture, interests and activities through sites like Pinterest, We Heart It, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and other social media sites. The different social networking sites are made user friendly so that people from varying backgrounds can easily use these media. These sites use computer mediated communication (CMC) system to make it easy for people to communicate and express themselves (Herring, 1996). The users can also create personalized websites to provide information about them and express their ideas and interests. This mode of communication has highly influenced the social lives of people all across the globe and exchange their ideas and information on different areas of discussion. The social media communications have made it simpler for people to exchange text, videos, e-mails, instant messaging as well as communicate through the use of rea l time audio and video chats using Skype, Face Time etc. The social networking sites are internet based service systems that allow people to create public profiles on the web within a system which they can completely control, maintain a connection with other users which may include the acquaintances, friends and family members. The social networking sites also make it possible to view the activities of the connections within the system. The first social networking site was launched in the year 1997 named Sixdegrees.com having all the above mentioned features. After the launch of this social site, the social media experienced a boom with a number of social sites being formed for different